GENOME SHOCK AS A MEANS OF REPROGRAMMING GENOMES:
A. The multipotentials of a genome.

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Caterpillar and moth. Two distinctive organisms from single genome:
Programming systems.
Termites: winged males and females, neotenic adults, soldiers.
Migratory locusts: Solitary, non-migrating: pink to yellow
             Gregarious: lay few eggs. Green color
Aphids:  sexual and parthenogenic
Ants: meens; workers, different $pes;soldiers.
Honey bees -queens, workers (females) drones.
Parasites: sequence of distinct types in different hosts in cycle.
Mimicry: different mimics from models in locality from single
genome. Papilio species, females only.
models and mimics.               Different regions, different

Plant morphologies depending on environment.  Sea coast to mountain.
Growth chambers, Cornell, potato; distinctions depending on

environment.

earlier

B. Multipotentials of genome in response to some/challenge to genome:
  Plant galls and their significance
1. Vitus plant, cecidomyids; types of galls. (photo).
    galls on same plant;                      Three distinctly
                 each from specific insect. Growth types.
   Extraordinary reprogramming.
  2. Oak trees; oak galls and species specificity.  Oak apple and wasp:
   the exceptional morphology of this gall (and those on other oaks.)
3. Nitrogen-fixation galls on roots;
  4. Teratomas: mixed up programming.  very specific organization
                            Crown gall.

C. Direct response of genome to some types of shock.   Two main classes
  1. Programmed responses: Heat shock; repair of UV damage to DNA;
   repair of DNA replication m&stakes; fusion of broken ends of
    chromosomes; telomere formations on ends of newly broken chromosomes.

2. Improvised responses to challenge.
     Tissue culture: animals=reorganized genome and chromosomes.
             plants=reorganized genome, several levels. New plants.
    Strain crosses: Drosophila hybrid dysgenesis: reorganizations.
              The initial response followed by quieting down.

Species crosses: Frogs,  chromosome alterations.
           Nico%ana species crosses: N. tabacum x

Poisons: plants near slag from mine: poison; recovery; change.
     Amoeba, infection, recovery, necessity.
    Amoeba nu&i transfered,two species. Amoeba strain isolated,
      crossed=like two species crosses (nuclear exchanges.)
     Iqethotraxate and other drugs with animal tissue cultures:
      Dihydrofolate reductase amplifications.  Xhat this
            means at the molecular level.


CENOME SHOCK              -2-

D. Evidence of responses to genome shock that occurred in origin of some
  species and genera.

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Some of the above such as response of plant to insect egg laying:
programmed in the past.   Changes in Amoeba to l'poisonlt.
Mimicry Papilo; regional models.
Drosophila melanogaster and simulans:  changes in locations and amounts
of repetitious DNAs, not of known genes.
Most extraordinary:
Muntjac deer. Muntiacus.reevesi: Chinese muntjak%=46 chromosomes.
7 in male.  Th?$.oyy@Jak vaginalis, Indian muntjac -2n =6 in female,
Types of changes observed in testes; fusion types. Maize fusion types.
Maize knobs-teosintes in Mexico vs teosintes in Guatemala; in other
plants.  Some special event , possibly related to diversity of maize.