Pablo Picasso fleft) and Linus Pauling, the one an artist, the other a scientist, work with dif- ferent materials and ex- press themselves in dif- ferent ways. But their similarities are m 0 r e essential than their dif- ferences;;ha" both anasvia bank science and humanism-friends or foes? p: The picture, or rather caricature, d the Vnfted Rates. in some parts of the world .is that of an om- niscient giant carrying .an atom bomb in one hand and a bottle of Coca-Cola in the other. b But that picture. is much oversimpliiied and very Emited in scope. If we take Coca-Cola and the bomb $4~ be symbols of the useless and .destr.uctive prod- ;trcts of a technological, inhumane civilization, we can understand that the image of the United States ,rmong certain groups of peopie is not a pleasant enc. Among these people are some American in- tellectuals who decry the effect of science and technology and who would like to return to a pre- industrial civilization where the noble savage was happy and healthy in his unpolluted wilderness. 9111s is impossible; we cannot turn back the clock. :And most of us would probably not wish to give t4p all -the advantages of modern science. b However, there is .a completely different picture `oi the United States, one which I think is more `essential. Science, and often technology, are humane `and hu,manistic endeavors and it is necessary to em. @hasize that the gap between science and humanism :&here is not as wide `nor as deep as many critics of our society suppose. It is my belief that science (aids not only the citizens of the U.S. but also the ,citizens of the world. , humanists absorbed them 1 a part of life as a whole, b Albert Einstein, German-born American citizen, dways worked for .what he felt was the good of mankind. Leo Szilard, Hungarian-born American, Nobel prize winner, and great scientist. was in the torefront of the humane activities for peace, and devoted. the last years of his life to such activities, k' Isidor Isaac R&i, Nobe1 p&e winner in physics `In 1944, is a professor at Columbia University, where a new kind of professorship has been set up. Those aPPoidted may work in whatever field they COQSider most fruitful, cutting acrosi, depart. lpBntal ~dera .ProE%sst~ 3a?H wants to bring science and other cultural activities closer together, aidin rich k-l them to interpenetrate one another and en- th. He would like to teach science humanist- ically in relation to society, philosophy, and religion. He wants to emphasize the humaneness of &cienksts. Another outstanding American scientist, Linus Pauling, twice Nobel prize winner, once in chemistry in 1954 and again in peace in 1962, whose activities, perhaps unappreciated by some of his fellow citizens, have always been human. He has always been in favorof increasing the ben- efits of Bcience to mankind, and protectmg them from the evil effects of technology. Creative minds both in science and the humanities in the U.S. have always understood the humane values of science. There are many aspects of American life in which science and technology merge with the arts. The architect Sullivan designed the first structural steel office building in St. Louis, Missouri, which is considered a blend of art and engineering. Architect Buckminster Fuller developed the geodesic dome, in which beauty and function merge. The design of functional household utensiis according to artistic norms is an important American techndogicf at- titude: And few people would deny the smooth beauty of aircraft designed in the States. The physical environment in the U. S. has been slowIy changed by scientific and technological development&, but now art and humanism are having their in- fluence. The United States has Iarge scientific institutions which are devoted not 0111~ to research, but also to contemplative sckentific thought. The Salk Ins& tUte invites welk-kncrwn scientists to devote them- selves t0 any activity they wish and es,pecially to contemplate the effects of science on our envuon- ment. The Princeton Center for Advanced Studies is a protected and quiet place for all intelIectuals to do research and to ponder the problems oE the world, away from the pressures of `modern We. Both scientist and artist have expressed the &me values. Guerica. Picasso's terror-tiddeo canvas of the Nazi bombardment oC s helpiess Spanish. city, and Linus ,Pauling's mathernatica!tv accurate "Lhe description of the eEEects of a n~~&ar war both express the horror of war. The ciergy.nxcn w'ila in- vergh against smoking and the scientists vrbo pre- `sent facts and figures OIL tha er;bl decks d tobacco are saying the same thing- Science and humanism have much in common .kr other ways. IQ both science and the humanitie& discoveries are made by intuition, by imagination, by a' creative urge. Copernicus* revolutionary idea that the sun was the center of our solar system was intuitive, imaginative, creative. It was based on a feel. ing for simplicity and beauty. Both the sciences and the humanities often depend on an objective ati+- ude; both deal with verifiable information. The behavioural sciences study human activities in a scientific manner. It is no coincidence that so. eiology, political science, history, anthropology, and other disciplines have progressed so far in the States. There and in other parts of the industrialized world the methods of science and the attitudes of human. ism have converged. Science, as British scientist Jacob Bronowskl insists,. is ,based on the habit of truth. This is a humanistic concept; it is the basis of liberty and democracy and the rights of man. When it is broken or ignored, society becomes corrupt and tyrannical. So in a sense the scientific attitude is a guarantee of human rights. , Peter Abelard, a revolutionary in the CathoIic Church, said, anticipating the Renaissance, "By doubting we are led to inquire and- by inquiry we perceive the truth." Einstein searched for thrs truth in physical laws, while the religious philosopher Teilhard de Chardin finds it in divine origin. Both men seek the same truth - but they reach it by different paths, And it is truth that holds a society together. The habit of truth makes for independence and originality, two much-admired human qualities, and one often not so admired, but `still profoundIy hu. man, dissent. Dissent is a supreme quality of the scientist and of the poet, and it is an important quality for any man. Science, then, depends for its succe& not on rigid rules of technique nor ou absolute methodz OF induction and deduction, but on the long admit-- ed qualities of human conduct-truth, indcpend- euce, otiginaIity, dissent, freedolu. tolerance, respect, and democracy. ActualIy. the scientific spirit has created the most humaue values o.C wbicil we finow. The spirit of science is the spirit of. mnoderr~. ethical democracy. And the value of scieucG is not only in its technique, but more important, in its spirit. i * 7.6