SURGEON GENERALS WORKSHOP ON DRUNK DRIVING Proceedings Washington, D.C. o December 1446, 1988 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Offke of the Surgeon General 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Surgeon General's Workshop on Drunk Driving was supported by the following organizations: U.S. Department of Defense U.S. Department of Education U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Office for Substance Abuse Prevention Centers for Disease Control Health Resources and Services Administration Bureau of Health Care Delivery and Assistance Bureau of Maternal and Child Health and Resources Development Indian Health Service U.S. Department of Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration The report was prepared by Janus Associates under contract 85080-001. Allmaterial in this volume is in thepublic domain and may be used orreproduced withoutpennission from the Ofice of the Surgeon General or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. 72e opinions expressed herein are the views of the authors and participants and do not necessarily reflect the officialposition of the Office of the Surgeon General or any other sponsoring agency of the U.S. Government. Printed 1989 Foreword This Surgeon General's Workshop marks the beginning of a coordinated campaign to save the 25,000 lives that are lost each year because Americans persist in drinking and driving. As with smoking, the issues are many and complicated, and even small steps toward alleviating the problem trigger emotions and controversy. Coordination began with having five Federal Departments sponsor the workshop-Defense, Education, Justice, Health and Human Services, and Transportation. The experts who participated in the workshop represent the broad array of specialists who must work together to bring this pervasive behavior under control. The difficulties they face were immediately apparent in the number of invited experts who declined to attend. The participants spent 3 days generating solutions in 11 interrelated areas and developing recommendations that affect the wide range of people - from beverage servers to carmakers, from legislators to treatment providers, from advocates to advertisers-who can play some role in alleviating this problem. The participants also suggested strategies for implementing the recommendations and set up timeframes for their accomplishment. They are included in this volume. Now it is our turn to act to make the Nation safe from the tragedies precipitated by combining alcohol and motor vehicles. C. Everett Koop, M.D., Sc.D Surgeon General . . . tn Workshop Planning Committee Jerald H. Anderson Chairperson, Intoxicated Driving Prevention Task Force OASD (FM&P), ODASD @E&S), S&OHP U.S. Department of Defense Loran Archer Deputy Director National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Amy Barkin Coordinator for the Drunk Driving Workshop Office of the Surgeon General U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Maura Daly Senior Policy Analyst, Office of the Secretary U.S. Department of Education Roberta Dorn Director, Concentration of Federal Effort Program Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention U.S. Department of Justice Robert W. Denniston Director, Division of Communication Programs Office for Substance Abuse Prevention Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Arthur S. Funke, Ph.D. Chief Psychologist, Child and Adolescent Branch Bureau of Maternal and Child Health and Resources Development Health Resources and Services Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services V Mary L. Ganikos, Ph.D. Program Director, Community Prevention and Late Life Alcohol Abuse National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Jan Howard, Ph.D. Chief, Prevention Research Branch National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Michael T. Impelliieri Chief, Special Programs Division, Offke of Alcohol and State Programs National Highway Traffic Safety Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Steve Moore Associate Chief of Staff, Office of the Surgeon General U.S. Department of Health and Human Services James L. Nichols, Ph.D. Deputy Director, Scientific and Technical Affairs National Highway Traffic Safety Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Joan White Quinlan Prevention Program Coordinator, Special Programs Division Office of Alcohol and State Programs National Highway Traffic Safety Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Richard J. Smith III Manager, Injury Prevention Program Indian Health Service U.S Department of Health and Human Services vi Federal Advisory Group on Followup Activities for the Workshop U.S. Department of Defense Jerald H. Anderson Chairperson, DOD Intoxicated Driving Prevention Task Force OASD (FM&P), ODASD @SE&S), S&OHP Room 3A272 The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301-4000 U.S. Department of Education Maura Daly Senior Policy Analyst Office of the Secretary, 400 Maryland Avenue, S.W. Room 4145, Washington, DC 20202 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Public Health Service Robert W. Denniston Director, Division of Communication Programs Office for Substance Abuse Prevention Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration Room 13A-54 Parklawn Building, 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 Arthur S. Funke, Ph.D. Chief Psychologist, Child and Adolescent Branch Bureau of Maternal and Child Health and Resources Development Health Resources and Services Administration Room 9-21 Parklawn Building, 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 Mary L. Ganikos, Ph.D. Program Director Community Prevention and Late Life Alcohol Abuse National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration Room XC-03 Parklawn Building, 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 vii Susan J. Lockhart Program Specialist Office of the Surgeon General Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health Room 18-67 Parklawn Building, 5600 fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 Richard J. Smith III Manager, Injury Prevention Program Indian Health Service 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 Bob Vollinger Presidential Management Intern Office of the Surgeon General Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health Room 18-67 Parklawn Building, 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 U.S. Department of Justice John Dawson Program Manager Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Room 758,633 Indiana Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20531 Donni Hassler, Ed.D. Social Science Analyst Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Room 742,633 Indiana Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20531 U.S. Department of Transportation James L. Nichols, Ph.D. Deputy Director Scientific and Technical Affairs National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 400 5th Street, S.W. Room 5130, Washington, D.C 20590 Joan White Quinlan Prevention Program Coordinator, Special Programs Division Office of Alcohol and State Programs National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 400 7th Street, S.W. Room 5130, Washington, DC 20590 *.. VI11 Abbreviations 402 Programs 408 Programs 410 Programs ABC ADAMHA ASAP ASTHO BAC BIA CDC CPL DHHS DOJ DOT DUI DWI EMS FARS FBI FCC 23 U.S.C. 402 Highway Safety Programs. These formula grants to the States for highway safety programs are administered by the Governors' Representatives for Highway Safety. 23 U.S.C. 408-I incentive grants to States for alcohol traffic safety programs 23 U.S.C. 410-I incentive grants to States for drunk driving prevention programs Alcohol Beverage Control Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration Alcohol Safety Action Projects Association of State and Territorial Health Officers Blood Alcohol Concentration Bureau of Indian Affairs Centers for Disease Control Certified products list Department of Health and Human Services Department of Justice Department of Transportation Driving Under the Influence Driving While Intoxicated The terms DWI and DUI are synonymous, meaning either driving while intoxicated or driving while under the influence. These are general terms referring to the criminal action of driving a motor vehicle either (1) while "illegal per se" or (2) while impaired, under the influence, or intoxicated by alcohol or other drugs. Emergency Medical Systems Fatal Accident Reporting System Federal Bureau of Investigation Federal Communications Commission ix IACP IHS Illegal per se MADD MCD NAB NAGHSR NCADD NCADI NCIC NHTSA NL4AA NIDA NSA OJJDP OSAP PHS PI&E PSA RADAR RPP RWID International Association of Chiefs of Police Indian Health Service Refers to State laws that make it an offense to operate a motor vehicle while at or above a specified blood alcohol level. Mothers Against Drunk Driving Multiple Cause of Death file taken from death certificate data by National Center for Health Statistics National Association of Broadcasters National Association of Governor's Highway Safety Representatives National Commission Against Drunk Driving National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information National Crime Information Center National Highway Traffic Safety Administration National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institute on Drug Abuse National Sheriffs Association Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Office for Substance Abuse Prevention Public Health Service Public information and education Public service announcement Regional Alcohol and Drug Awareness Resource Network Request for proposals Riding With Intoxicated Driver X Contents Foreword ................................... Workshop Planning Committee ...................... Federal Advisory Group on Follow-up Activities for the Workshop . . Abbreviations ................................ Opening Remarks .............................. C. Everett Koop ............................. Otis R. Bowen .............................. M. George Reagle ............................ Recommendations .............................. Pricing and Availability ......................... Advertising and Marketing ....................... Epidemiology and Data Management ................. Education ................................. Judicial and Administrative Processes ................. Law Enforcement ............................ Transportation and Alcohol Service Policies ............. Injury Control ............................... Youth and Other Special Populations ................. Treatment ................................. CitizenAdvocacy ............................. Closing Remarks, C. Everett Koop .................... List of Participants ............................. 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