Index Acrolein coronary, 28 et&t on DwadieNta Momdata, 42 Ademcardnoma risk ratio of smokers, 56 smoking an& for men, 57 Adenocarcinoma, kidney smoking and, 60 Bge coronary disease inddeuce rates and smoking history by, 21-24 coronary disease mortality rates by, U-14,17 experimental stndieas 2b-27 hypoxia and, hypercholesterolemia h26 severity of, and smoking, 26 smoldug and, 4-5,28-27 ree u&o Cardiovascular diseases; coronary disease Atherosderods see Arteriosclerosis Behavior coronary disease mortality ratios br, l&18 stroke mortality rates by, IS,17 stroke mortality ratios by, 18 Albnminuricpreeclampsia uee Pregnancy tosemias Alkaloids, tobaax Me Tobacco alkalohis Alveolar bone loss smoking and, 85437 Alveoli, puhnonary changes in rates after exposurs to nitrogen dioxide, 41 o-Aminophenols concentration in urine of cancer patients and smokera, 84 Angina pectorb incidence! rates and smoking history, 21-22 smoking and, 18 in twins, genetic and environmental factors, 25 see ok0 Coronary disease Aortic aneurysm mortality, for men by amount smoked, 16 see o&o Cardiovascular diseases Aromatic hydrocarbons cardnogenicity, 61 Arrhythmia smokiug and, 4 Arteriosclerosis aortic, 25 and coronary disease, 20.24 ~~(a)m=~ hydrosylationby the placenta, 80 hydroxylation by pulmonary benao- pyrene hydroxylase, 82 Bensopyrene hydrosylase inhibition of by nickel carbonyl in dgarette smoke, 62 Betanaphthylamfne content in dgarettes, 84 Betel nut chewing smoking and oral ieukoplakia, 58 Birth weight effect of maternal smoking on, 5, 77-78,86 effect of maternal smoking on, and other factors, 78 Bladder neoplasme cotmine and, 84 experimental aspects of, 54 smoking and, 80.54 Blood chemical analysis comparison for smoking and non- smoking mothers and their in- fants, 80 Blood choleeteroi levels and lung neoplasm6 in male smok- er% 57 and coronary disease mortality, 17 Blood circulation effect of smoking on, 11.27-28 Blood flow effect of smoldng on, 27-28 91 Blood platelets effect of smoking on, 27-28 Blood pressure coronary disease mortality and, 14, 17 coronary disease and smoking, 14 smoking and, effects on pregnancy outcome, 77-78 Blood viscosity and arteriosclerosis, 27 Body weight relationship to coronary disease mortality rates and smoking, 14 Bronchial epithelium effect of nitrogen dioxide on, in rats, 41 effect of smoke on, in dogs, 40 Bronchial neoplasms risk ratio of smokers, 56 Bronchitis incidence of among smokers, 37 smoking and, 4 smoking as cause, 37 WC a&o Empb yaema Bronchogenic carcinoma see Carcinoma, bronchogenic Broncbopulmonary disease, chronic prevalence of, 38 Bucdal neoplasm6 8ce Oral neoplasm5 Cancer 8cc NeOphIM and specific listings, e.g., Lung neoplasms Carbon monoxide and carboxybemoglobin levels, 28-29 effects on myocardium, 28 Carboxyhemoglobin levels, 26.23 levels in smokers, 2829,80 Carcinogeneels experimental, 62-64 possible role of tobacco alkaloids in, 61 Carcinogens aromatic hydrocarbons, unspecitled, 61 bladder, in tobacco smoke, 64 implantation of, 64 use in experimental bronchogenic carcinoma, 63-64 Carcinoid risk ratio of smokers, 56 Carcinoma, alveolar cell risk ratio of smokers, 56 Cardnoma. broncbogenic animal models for, 63-64 experimental induction of, 63-64 risk ratio of smokers, 56 Carcinoma, epidermoid experimental induction of, 63-64 risk ratio of amokem, 56 Carcinoma, larynx 8ce Laryngeal neoplasms Carcinoma, small cell risk ratio of smokers, 56 Carcinoma, squamous ceil bee Carcinoma, epidermoid Cardiovascular diseases and mortality rates, 17 smoking and, 3-5 8ee also Aortic aneurysm; Arterio- sclerosis ; Coronary disease ; Thrombosis Cessation of smoking effect on risk of lung neoplasms, 55, 57 stematitis nicotina resolution, 87 Cholesterol see Blood cholesterol Chronic bronchitis see Bronchitis Cigarettes filter, and risk of lung neoplasms, 57 filter vs. nonfilter, comparison of safety, 57 Cigarettes, daily consumption aortic aneurysm mortality by, 16 and atypioal nuclei in larynx, 59 coronary disease incidence rates by, 15,21-24 coronary disease mortality by, 13 Cigarette smoke 8ee Smoke, cigarette Cigarette smoking Bee Smoking Cilia effect of cigarette smoke on, 42 Cocarcinogens nickel carbony as, 62 in tobacco smoke, 61 Coronary disease epidemiological studies, 25 incidence rates by age, 21-22,24 incidence rates by behavior type, 20, 24 incidence rates by smoking and other risk factors, 23 92 Coronary disease--contfnued incidence rates by smoking history, 21-24 incidence rates in men, 21-22 incidence rates, smokers vs. non- smokers, 18,2+22 morbidity ratios, 19 mortalit;p among former college students, 1618 mortality rates by age, 13-14 mortality rates by amount smoked, 13 mortality rates by blood pressure, 14 mortality rates by relative weigbt, 14 mortality rates by sex, 13-14 mortality rates by smoking classi& cation, 14 mortality ratios by age, 13 mortality ratios by amount smoked, 13 mortality ratios by sex, 13-14 smoking and, 3-5,11,29 smoking as etiologic agent in, 11 8ee also Angina peetoris ; Arterie sclerosis ; Cardiovascular dis- eases ; Myocardial infarction Coronary heart d&ease see Coronary disease Cotinine effect on rats and mice, 61-62 in experimental induction of bladder adenomas, 64 8(% also Tobacco alkaloids Curschmann's spirals in sputum of smokers, M Cysteine inhibition of smoke cytotoxic action on macrophages, 42 Death, sudden rate by smoking, cholesterol and blood pressure, 17 DNA effect of aromatic hydrocarbons on, 61 effect of cigarette smoke on synthe- sis, 62-63 Edentluiam relationship to smoking, 87 Emphysema in horses, 46 patbogenesis of, 33-40 smoking aa cauq 37-38 dee ok0 Bronchitis Epidemiological studies coronary disease and smoking, l2-25 laryngeal neoplasms and smoking, lung neoplasm6 and smoking, 55-56 maternal smoking and outcome of imgnanw, 77-80 oral neoplasms and smoking, 58 pancreatic neoplasms and smoking, 66-61 urinary tract neoplasme and amok- &L 60 Epithelium hypertrophy caused by nitrogen dioxide, 41 Ex-smokers coronary disease mortality for men, by amount smoked, 15 coronary disease mortality for men, by years stopped smoking, 15 coronary disease mortality for men, compared to nonsmokers, 15 decrease of lung neoplasm risk, 57 stroke mortality for men, compared to nonsmokers, 15 thickness of vocal cords, 69 Fertility and smoking, 79-89 Fetal death and maternal smoking, 77-78 Filters, charcoal and effect of cigarette smoke on ceil cultures, 62 Free fatty acid plasma factor, smoking effect on, 27 Gingivitis incidence among Danish Boyal Marines, 86 incidence among Dutch Navy re- cruits, 86 incidence among U.S. Naval traiu- ees, 86 and smoking, 85-86 Gingivitis, ulceromembranoua relationship to smoking, 86 Giutathione inhibition of smoke cytotoxic action on macrophages, 42 Hemoglobin effect of smoking on oxygen aftMy, 29 93 Hydrolases rednetion of in smokers' alveolar macrophages, 42-48 Hypercholesterolemia and hypoxia, in arteriosclerosis, 28 Hypoxia and arteriosclerosis, 26 Infant mortality and maternal smoking, 77-78 Infants growth rate, effect of maternal smoking on, 78 Influenza B virus enhancing effect in *itn, on oxidixed nicotine, 42 Inhalation depth and retention of particulate matter of smoke, 62 Kidney neoplasms epidermoid, associated with ciga- rette smoking, 69 and smoking, So,64 Kreyberg study lung neopiasms and smoking, 5%56 Laboratory techniques for induction of experimental neo- plnsms, 63-64 Laryngeal neoplasms smokers vs. nonsmokers, 58-59 Larynx atypical nuclei in cells of smokers, effect of cessation of smoking on, 59 premalignant changes in, and smok- ing, 5,55 ree oho Vocal cords Leukoplakia smoking and betel nut chewing, 58 etomatitis nicotina, 87 Lung cancer see Lung neoplasms Lung function effect of smoking on, 5,4!2 effect of smoking on ventilation/ perfusion relationships, 38 Lung neopiasms and blood cholesterol levels in male smokers, 57 decrease in risk of for es-smokers, 57 detection of by sputum analysis of smokera, 58 epidemiological studies, 55-58 epidermoid, in male smokers, 57 incidence rates in female smokers, 4,57 incidence rates in male smokers, 4 inddence rates in Norway, 65-58 Kreyberg study, 56-88 mortaiity rate, 57 oat-cell, in male smokers, 57 of smokers, in Rhodesia, 57 and smoking, 4-5 and ulcers, relation to smoking, 57 see also Respiratory tract neoplasms Lungs effect of nitrogen dioxide on rats', 41 pathological effects of smoking on, 5 scars and susceptibility to carcino- gens, 64 Lysosyme secretion by rabbit pulmonary alve- olur macroptiges, 42 Macrophages, alveolar effect of cigarette smoke on, 42 lysozyme secretion by rabbits', 42 and pathogenesia of chronic bron- chopulmonary disease, 43 reduction of enzymes in smokers', Maternal smoking 8ee Smoking, maternal Men incidence of lung neoplasms and smq]ring'iu, 57 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors effect on rabbits receiving nicotine, 27 Morbidity ratios COrOnarg heart disease, 19 Mortality and smoking, 3 study of Chicago Peoples Gas Light nnd Coke Co. employees, 16-17 Mortality rates aortic aneurysm, for men by amount smoked, 16 cardiovascular diseases, 17 coronary heart disease, by age, 13-14 coronary heart disease, by amount smoked, E&13,17 coronary heart disease, by blood cholesterol, 17 coronary heart disease, by blood pressure, 14.17 94 Xortality rates-Continued corpuy heart disease, by relative weight, 14 coronary heart disease, by sex, 13-14 coronary heart disease, by smoking classification, 14 coronary heart disease, smokers vs. ex-smokers, 15 coronary heart disease, smokers vs. nonsmokers, Z-13.1517 lung neoplasms, 57 stroke, 17 stroke, by age, 1213 stroke, by amount smoked, U-13 stroke, by sex, X2-13 stroke, smokers vs. ex-smokers, 15 stroke, smokers vs. nonsmokers, E-13,15 hfortality ratios aortic aneurysm, for men by amount smoked, 16 coronary heart disease,. by age, l2-13,18 coronary heart disease, by amount smoked, U-13,18 coronary heart disease, by sex, 12-13 coronary heart disease, smokers vs. ex-smokers, 15 coronary heart disease, smokers vs. nonsmokers, l2-13,15 stroke, by age, B-l.3 stroke, by amount smoked, U-13 stroke, by sex, B-13 stroke, smokers vs. ex-smokers, 15 stroke, smokers vs. nonsmokers. l2-13,15 Muons membrane smoking and neoplasms of, 58 Nyocardial infarction etiology of, 27-28 inddence rates and smoking history, 21-22 and smoking, 4.18 Myocardium effect of cigarette smoking on, 11 Nas (tobacco and ashes) and omi neoplasm8 lu the USSR, 58 Segroes maternal smoking and prematurity In, 78 Neoplasms by sex, 56 prevalence of, smokers vs. nonamok- era, 56 by type of tumor and smoking hia- tory, 56 8t%3 d80 &K&k tspe Of WOPh-, ag., Lung neoplasms ; Neoplasms, experimental Neoplasm& experimental bronchogenic carcinoma, 63-64 epidermoid carcinoma, 64 Nickel carbonyl as a cocarcinogen, 62 Xicotine effect on hgpercholesteroiemlc rsb- bita, 27 effect on pregnant rats, 86 see o&o Nicotine metabolites ; Nl* tine, oxidized ; Tobacco alkaloids Nicotine metabolites, 61-62 Nicotine-N-oxides presence in tobacco smoke, 62 Nicotine, oxidized In o&o ciliostatic e&c& 42 Nitrogeu dioxide eikct on rats lungs, 41 x-uitrosamin~ 62 N-nitroeoanabaaine, 62 N-nitrosonomicotine, 62 Noncancerous oral disease ace Oral disease, uoncancerous Xomlcotlne, 62 Xorway inddence rates of lung neoplasms, Oral disease, noncancerous and smok- ing, 5-6.85-87 see aLo Gingivitis; Leukoplakia ; Periodontal diseases ; Stomatitis IliCOtiM Oral hygiene relationship to smoking and noncan- cerous oral disease, 35-86 Oral neoplasm6 incidence of and smoking, 53 and smoking, 58 and tobacco chewing, 58 Oxidoreductases reduction of in smokers' alveolar macropbages, 42-G Palate smoking and stomatitis uimtina, 87 Pancreatic neoplasm8 and smoking, 66-61 95 Periodontal diseases and smoking, 85-86 and smoking, iu Ceylon, 85-36 and smoking, in Norwegian Army recmlts, 35 Plasma and thrombus formation, Z!-23 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons see Aromatic hydrocarbons Population studies bronchitis and smoking, 37 Preeclampsia see Pregnancy toxemias Pregnancy effect of blood pressure and smoking habits on, 77-78 carboxyhemoglobin levels of smok- ers, 80 effect of nicotine on, in rats, 30 effect of smoking during, 4-5,77-81 effect of smoking during, iu Hun- gary, 79 effect of smoking during, in Ireland, 79 effect of smoking during, in Scot- land, 79 effect of smoking during, in Vene suela, 79 Pregnancy toxemia6 preeclampsia, and smoking, 79 Prematurity and maternal smoking, 77.79 and maternal smoking, among Ne- gmes, 78 Pulmonary disease in rabbits, similar to emphysema, 41 Pulmonary emphysema see Emphysema Hespiratory function tests of smokers with mild bronchitis, 39 using mdioactive xenon, 39 Hespiratory tract neoplasm8 experimental induction of, 63-64 BNA syntheaie edlect of cigarette smoke on, 62-63 sex coronary disease incidence rates and smoking history by, 21-22,24 coronary disease mortality rates by, 1% 17 coronary disease mortality ratios by, 18 shke mortality rates by, l8.17 stroke mortality ratios by, 13 tumor prevalence among smokers by, 56 Smoke, cigarette effect on alveolar macrophage, 42 effect on bronchial epithelium of doge, 40 effect on ciliary activity, 42 effect on DNA and RNA synthesis, e&et on D~nuljello Mcubta, 42 effect on pulmonary surfactant, 42 effect on tissue cultures, 62 gas phase, 63 inhalation methoda, 32 nickel carbouyl in, 62 reduction of tar content, 61 retention of tars in mouth, 62 Smokers arteriosclerosis in, 26 reduction of life expectancy, 3 sputum analysis of, 8iL4657-58 Smokers, cigar/pipe incidence of atypical nuclei in larynx, 59 incidence of coronary heart disease, 21-24 incidence of gingivitis, 86 incidence of stomatitis nicotina, 87 thickness of vocal cords, 69 Smokers vs. ex-smokers atypical nuclei in larynx, 59 coronary disease mortality for men, by amount smoked, 15 coronary disease mortality for men. by years stopped smoking, 15 CoroMrY disease mortality for men, compared to nonsmokers, 15 stroke mortality for men, compared to nonsmokers, 15 thickness of vocal cords, 69 Smoke= va nonsmokers aortic aneuryam mortality, 16 atypical nuclei in larynx, 59 comparison of blood factors of moth- ers and infants, 89 concentrations of o-aminophenols in urine, 64 coronary disease incidence, 18,2&22 coronary disease incidence and be- havior type, 24 fmonary disease mortality, by age, 18 % Smokers vs. nonsmokers-Continued COr0nal-J disease mortality, by amount smoked, 13 coronary disease mortality, by sex, 13 coronary disease mortality ratios, by age, 13 coronary disease mortality ratios, by amount smoked, 13 coronary disease mortality ratios, by sex, 13 Curschmann's spirals in sputum of, 3940 incidence of edentulism, 87 incidence of gingivitis, 88 incidence of periodontal disease, incidence of preeclampsia among pregnant women, 79 prevalence of neoplasms, by type of tumor, sex and age, 66 stroke mortality, by age, 13 stroke mortality, by amount smoked, 13 stroke mortality, compared to ex- smokers, 15 stroke mortality, by sex, 13 stroke mortality ratios, by age, 13 stroke mortality ratios, by amount smoked, 13 stroke mortality ratios, by sex, 13 thickness of vocal cords, 66 urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites, 64 Smoke, tobacco aromatic hydrocarbons in, 61 bladder carcinogens in, 64 carcinogenicity of, 62 cocarcinogens in, 61 nicotine-N-oxides in, 62 Smoking and alveolar bone loss, G-37 and angina pectoris, 18 and arrhythmia, 4 and arteriosclerosis, 4.5 and behavior type, 2624 and bladder neoplasms, 66 and bronchitis, 4 and cardiovascular disease, 3-G as cause of bronchitis, 3710 as cause of emphysema, 37-33 as cause of laryngeal neopiasms, 65 and coronary disease, 3-5.26 eKt?ct on blood cirqtlation, 11 eKect on blood platelets, 27-28 effect on free fatty acid, 27 effect on hemoglobin oxygen atUnity, 29 effect on larynx and true vocal cords, 5980 effect on lung function, 6 effect on pregnancy, 4-6.77-U eKeA on thrombus formation, M-28 eKect on ventilation/petit&on rela- tionships of lung, 39 and fertility history, X8-36 and gingivitis, 85-86 and kidney neoplasma, 66 and lung neopiasms, 4,55-53 and lung neoplasms iu men, 57 and lung neoplasms in women, 67 and mortality, 3 and myoeardial infarction, 4.18 and noncancerous oral diseases, 5-6, S5-37 and oral neoplasms, 58 and paucreatic neoplasms. 66-61 and pregnancy toxemia& 79 and premalignant changes in larynx, 5 relation to blood cholesterol and lung neoplasms, 67 relation to lung neoplasms and stomach ulcers, 57 uee also Smoking, maternal Smoking characteristics and incidence rates of lung neo- plasms for men, 56 and incidence rates of lung ueo plasms for women, 56 and lung neoplasm mortality rates, 67 Smoking history aortic aneurysm mortality rates by, 16 aortic aneurysm mortality ratios by, 16 and coronary disease incidence rates, 21-24 coronary disease mortality rates by, B-14.17 coronary disease mortality ratios by, 13.15.18 incidence of atypical nuclei in larynx by, 69 stroke mortality rates by. 13.17 stroke mortality ratios by, l3,16 Smoking, maternal and ability of placenta to hydroxy- late benzo (a) pyrene, 80 and abortion, 77-70 carboxyhemoglobin levels, 80 eKect on birth weight, 6, 77-76, 80 eKect on infants' growth rate, 78 eKect on pregnancy, in Ireland, 79 eKect on pregnancy, in Scotland, 7Q eKect on pregnancy, in Venezuela, 70 epidemiological studies of eKecta, 77-M and fetal death, 77-78 incidence of preeclampsia, 79 and infant mortality, 7.7778 and prematurity, 77, 79 and prematurity, among Negroes, 78 Squamous cell carcinoma 8ee Carcinoma, epidermold Stomatitis nicotina and pipe smoking, 87 Stroke mortality rates, by age, 13 mortality rates, by amount smoked, 13 mortality rates, by sex, 13 mortality ratios, by age, 13 mortality ratios, by amount smoked, 13 mortality ratios, by sex, 13 Surfactants eKect of cigarette smoking on, 42 Tar content of cigarette smoke, reduction of, 61 of cigarette smoke, and tumorige- nicity, 61 Tars, cigarette retention in mouth, 62 Tars, tobacco carcinogenicity, 61 Thrombosis eKect of smoking in, 27-28 plasma and, 27-28 Thrombus formation and smoking, 27-28 Tissue culturea eKect of cigarette smoke on, M PS-337%5954-3 75;m Tobacco form used and relation to giugivitis, 36 and oral submucous flbrosis, 58 8ee also Tobacco alkaloids Tobacco alkaloids and experimental bladder neo- plasm% 64 possible role in carcinogenesis, 62 8ec al80 Cotinine ; Nornicotine Tobacco chewing and oral neoplasms, 58 Tooth extraction eKect of smoking on healing of socket, 87 Tryptophan metabolites urinary excretion of by smokers, 64 Twin studies genetic and environmental factors in angina pectoris, 25 Ulceromembranous gingivitis 8ee Gingivitis, ulceromembranous Ulcers and lung neoplasms, relation to smoking, 67 Urinary tract neoplasms and smoking, 6664 Urine o-aminophenols concentration in, of smokers and cancer patients, 64 excretion of tryptophan metabolites by smokers, 64 Vinceut's gingivitis relationship to smoking, 88 Vitamin D and nicotine, eKect on hypercho- lesterolemic rabbits, 27 Vocal cords eKect of smoking on thickness, 580 8CC 0180 Larynx Women blood pressure and smoking habits during pregnancy, 77-78 incidence of lung neoplasms and smoking, 4,SP B/T