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X conlIJ:~ri<~m l)etwt:e!l c~?;~l~i ",II ::I- genologic, functional and morljhologic criteria in chronic l~~ol;cl~:!ir. emphysema, asthma and hronc*!liectu;;is. RIedicil:t~ -1!1 (2 I : ,K 1 :. ! -I - > March 1970. (218) TOKUHATA, G. K., DESSAUER, I'., PF.P;DE~60 ytzars of age. Other NS Il.0 SM ._ _. 6.1 FCVfdCS NS . . . 0.0 SM ._ 6.0 Chronic bronchitis NS _. 16.6 (151) Cigarettes 29.7 (719) l- 9 23.4 (235) lo-19 ._ 31.2 (369) >20 33.7 (175) Pipe 18.5 (340) _______.. Flirk 222 mnle NS .lO.O (61) NS ..25.0 (49) NS 30.0 (4'7) and patients not SM u55.0 (167) SM ..65.0 (156) SM __ 60.0(138) Pato". suffering from 1969, overt cardio- U.S.A. pulmonary (86). discnse, 2&QO years of age. Higgins 716 males in Cough and sputum Chronic bronchitiv et al., various SM __ 7.1 (86) NS 9.4 NS . 7.1 SM 14.3 1969, occupations NS .36.8 (676) SM .24.9 SM 20.2 NS ._ 3.5 England `26-64 years (126). of age. - TABLE A2.-Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease sy,,zptonzs'-perce,at prccalence (cont.) (Numbers in parentheses represent total number of individuals in particular smoking group) SM = Smokers. NS = Nonsmokers. EX = Ex-smokers. Author. Year, country, reference Number and type of population Cough Sputum production Breathlessness or dyspnea Chest illnesses Higgins, 393 males in 1959, various England occupations (113). 56-64 years of age. -_ LiebeschuetzJ47 male 1959, soldiers England 20-30 years (156). of age. Other COlIllWSt3 Cough and suutam Chronic bronchitis Chronic NS . . . 6.1 (33) NS _. 18.2 NS _. 3.0 NS 0.0 bronchitis 1-14 g/day 9.7 (173) 1-14 g./day 30.1 l-14 g/day 23.7 1-14 kc/day 13.9 defined as >15 . . . . .42.3 (142) >15. ,. ., ,, ,. 33.8 >I5 .,2x.0 >16 . . . . 17.6 persistent sputum and at least I chest illness in past 3 years. Tobacco gram equivalents ELlY: 1 cigarette = 1 g1'Flm, 1 cigar = 2-5 grams, 1 pipe = lb-25 grams. NS ....... 0.0 (52) SM ....... 13.0 (83) Asbford 4,014 male Rcspiratorg nymntoma Respiratory et al., coal workers. NS . . . . 10.3 (6'77) symptoms- 1961, EX 19.5 (123) "bronchitis England Cigarettes 21.1 (1,504) and/or (11). Pipeonly 36.1 (202) asthma". No Cigarettes dose rcln- and pipe 37.1 (90) tionship : All SM 21.7 (3.214) found. TABLE AZ.-Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease syw~ptoms'---percent prevalence (Cont.) (Numbers in parentheses represent total number of individuals in particular smoking group) SM = Smokers. NS = Nonsmokers. EX = Ex-smokers. Author. war. Number and Breathlessness cou"trY, type of Cough Sputum production or dyspnes Chest illnesses Other CO"l"lk?"tS reference population Bower, 96 male and NS ._ 4.1 (49) NS . .20.4 NS . . . f34.7 Chest illneas- 1961, 77 female SM .27.6 (76) SM . . . .34.2 SM .38.2 chest colds U.S.A. hank employees Pipe, cigar (13) Pipe, cigar 16.4 Pipe, cigar during each (41). 40-70 years 63.9 of last 2 of age. winters. Fletcher and 363 male London NS (30) NS . . . . . 8.7 NS NS . . . 4.3 Tinker, transport I-14 B./day 16.6 (166) 1-14 g/day .29.9 l-14 g/day 8.2 1-14 g/day 1961, employees >16 . . .27.3 (116) >16 . .36.9 >16 . . 8.6 8.2 England 40-60 years >16 . 10.7 (35). of lige. Read 170 male and and 132 female NS Selby. individuals SM 1961, interviewed EX Australia in an ou& (291). patient NS clinic (not SM all patients). Male.9 4.4 . . ...23.1 .21.2 Ft?Wl&8 4.9 _. 18.6 BEJChWn 1,461 male NS .10.2 (263) et al., light SM .23.3(1.198) 1962, industry 60 . . . . .60.0 (24) NS .......... 11.0 SM .......... 30.4 60 ....... .62.0 NS .......... 9.8 SM ......... .14.6 fiO ....... .29.0 - `I'ABLE AZ.--Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease synlptol)ls'--pPrcent prevalence (cont.) (Numbers in parentheses represent total number of individuals in particular smoking group) SBl = Smokers. NS = Nonsmokers. EX = Ex-smokers. Author, Year, country, Number and type of Cough Sputum production Breathlessness or dyspnea Chest illnesses Other reference population Boucot 6,137 males NS . . . . 13.0 (806) et al., 1962, enrolling SM .31.6(6,951) U.S.A. in pulmonary (36). neoplasm project. Ferris 90 male and Chrmic Nonspecific et al., 71 female Respiratory Diwaee 1962, flax mill- M&8 Ft??S&8 U.S.A. workers. NS .lS.O(ZO) 10.0(60) (82). EX 12.6(16) l-20 .27.3(22) . >20 .53.1(32) 60.0 (4) Ferris 642 male and Chronic bronchitis Age-specific and 625 female M&8 rE&?s. Anderson, residents of NS . . 13.8 (126) 1962. New Hampshire EX Il.9 (71) U.S.A. town chosen Cigarettes 40.3 (340) (81). by random l-10 ..29.8 sampling of 11-20 . .34.2 -XllS"S. 21-30 . .42.3 31-40 ..61.1 >41 . .7&S FeWde8 NS .I..... 9.4 (378) EX . . ulO.8 ($7) Cigarettes 19.8 (208) l-10 .13.1 11-20 .22.2 21-30 . 31-40 . . .27.3 >41 . . . . : H TABLE A2.-b'~~~ol;i~~g and chronic obstructive pulmonar?y disease s?l,,lplottls'-pe~cerLt ~~w~~c~lencc (cont.) (Numbers in parentheses represent total number of irldividuals in particular smoking group) SM = Smokers. NS = Nonsmokers. EX = Ex-smokers. Author, ye*=, country, reference Number and type of population Cough Sputum production Breathlessness or dyspnea Chest illnesses Other Comme"ts Goldsmith 3,381 active Revpiratory et al., or retired conditions 1962, longshoremen. NS __ 31.4 (744) U.S.A. Moderate/ heavy (95). smokers 43.0 (1.238) coates 1.342 mole and Cough and chronic phlegm Current et al.. 242 female NS ..11.2 (747) NS 14.7 NS ,. 4.0 smoking 1965. Detroit post 1-14 .12.7 (266) (not aig.) 1-14 28.2(~<0.001) l-14 5.3 (not sig.) data. U.S.A. offirc 15-24 .2'7.6 (402) (p25 . 36.4 (170) (p25 . .34.1(~<0.001) >25 ._ _. 25.3(p25 __ .42.4 (85) >26 .42.4 Fern&s FCT7L&# NS ._ .__ 4.6 (709) EX .13.3 (30) 1;:: .::I.:,":: (:67: >25 . (1) 15-24 b-25 . . .57.0 Males NS _. __ 16.6 NS 29.2 EX ._ .24.8 1-14 EX .26.0 15-24 . . . . .33.3 .26.2 >25 1-14 . .31.8 Females . .14.3 16-24 >25 . ..14.0 Chronic bronchitis Males NS 5.7 EX _. 16.3 l-14 _. 38.0 15-24 . 41.4 >26 .40.0 FW%&8 NS 4.6 EX 13.3 1-14 10.4 15-251 `25 / .....57.0 Es-smokers represent those who have stopped smoking for "lore than 1 month. Dyspnea Grade II only.