INDEX 1975 Acetaldehyde levels, effects of room size, amount of tobacco burned, and ventilation, 90, 93, 98 Acrolein effects of inhalation of, in rats, 29 levels, effects of room size, amount of tobacco burned, and ventilation, 90, 93, 98 AHH activity see Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity Air pollution effects of exposure levels on respiratory symptomsin twins, 67 exposure levels and coal consumption, 67 and human CO burden, 20 levels, exposure of telephone workers and pulmonary symptoms, 67 and smoking, in COPD development, 6368 and smoking, in lung cancer development, 44.41 summary of recent findings, 108 survey data for four U.S. locations, 63-66 Airways dysfunction of, in smokers, 71 function during viral illness, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 62,63 Alveolar macrophages decrease in pinocytosis, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 76 response to migration inhibition factor or antigens, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 76, 77 Angina pectoris effects of increased carboxyhemoglobin levels. in passive smokers, 95,97 Antigens- - effect on alveolar macrophages, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 76,77 Antitrypsin deficiency and smoking, in COPD etiology, 72-74 Arteries thickening of, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 74-76 Arterioles thickening of, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 74-76 Aryl hydrocarbon hydmxylase activity role in lung cancer development, 50-53 Asbestos chrysotile, effects on lungs, 49 Atherosclerosis, coronary see Coronary heart disease Autopsy fmdings and smoking, 74-76 Benzo(a)pyrene levels, effects of room size. amount of tobacco burned, and ventilation, 91-94, 98 Birth weight effects of maternal smoking, 21 Bladder cancer see Genitourinary cancer Blood pressure levels, in smokers, nonsmokers, and ex-smokers, 15-17 Body weight and hypertension, in smokers, non? smokers, and ex-smokers, 15-17 Bronchiolitis autopsy studies, in male smokers vs. nonsmokers, 14,16,77 Bronchitis chronic, incidence of, in high pollution areas, 63,64 chronic, and lung cancer development, 49 chronic, summary of previous findings, 5, 7,61,62 development in infants of maternal smokers, 103 incidence in children of smokers, 105,106 in passive smokers, summary of recent findings, 108 Bronchopulmonary diseases, chronic ob- structive see also Emphysema, Bronchitis ti63p;rtion and smoking in etiology of, effects of antitrypsin deficiency in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 72-74 effects of partially deficient heterozygote phenotypes, 73.74 incidence in firemen, 68 summary of previous findings, 6 1,62 summary of recent findings, 78 Byssinosis development in cotton mill workers, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 68 Cancer me 01~0 specific site, e.g., Lung cancer summary of previous findings, 3-g summary of recent findings~43, J4 Carbon monoxide cholesterol levels in aorta of rabbits, after exposure to, 28 and decrease in exercise time before claudication, 18 effects on aortas in animals, 28 effects on healthy smokers vs. non- smokers, 26 exposure to, and human absorption, 21-28 levels, effects of room size, amount of tobacco burned, and ventilation, 90-95 levels, effects on exercise performance, 97 levels, from smokers in buses and planes, IO2 113 myocardial effects on rabbits, 29 summary of previous findings on relationship to passive smoking, 87, 88, 108 summary of recent findings, 33 from tobacco smoke, effects of psycho- motor performance, including attentive- ness and cognition function, 99-101 Carboxyhemoglobin levels in cigarette smokers, one hour after last cigarette, 25-26 and CO burden in smokers vs. non- smokers, 2 1,26-29 effects on CO absorption, in passive smoking, 95.96 effects on exercise performance, 97 in fetuses, 26,27 in smokers vs. nonsmokers, by sex, race, employment status, or urban location, 22-24 summary of recent findings, 33 in workers exposed to exhaust gases, 21 Carcinogenesis aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, and susceptibility to carcinogens, SO-53 experimental, 48-50 summary of previous findings, 43 Carcinogens benzo(a)pyrene, and exfoliative cytology of hamster lungs, 47 benzo(a)pyrene and chrysotile asbestos, in animals, 49 in cigarette smoke, 49,SO Cardiovascular diseases see also Coronary heart disease, Cerebro- vascular disease atherosclerotic, effects of CO, 27, 28 pathogenesis of, 28, 29 Cerebrovascular disease epidemiological studies, 29, 30 mortality by age, sex, and smoking habit, 31 CHD see Coronary heart disease Chemicals exposure to, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, by race and sex, 69,70 Children of smokers, incidence of pneumonia and bronchitis, 105,106 of smokers, prevalence of respiratory symptoms, 102, 103 Cholesterol levels after CO exposure, in rabbits, 28 and hypertension, in smokers vs. non- smokers. 15 Chronic bronchitis see Bronchitis Chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease see Bronchopulmonary disease, chronic obstructive Cigar smoking autopsy studies, in smokers with emphy- sema, fibrosis, or thickening of arterioles or arteries, 75 Co levels in mainstream smoke, 90 relationship to cancer, 43,44 summary of previous timdings on effects on smokers, 4,13 Cigarette smoke see Smoke, cigarette Cigarettes, filter decrease in lung cancer risk, 44 summary of previous findings, 4 Clofibrate and reduction in risk of sudden death in cigarette smokers, 32 Closing volume abnormalities as indicator of small airways disease, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 71,72 co see Carbon monoxide Coffee drinking and myocardial infarction in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 19.20 COPD see Bronchopulmonary disease, chronic obstructive Coronary heart disease see also Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction effects of coffee drinking and cigarette smoking, 20 epidemiological studies, 14, 15 summary of previous findings, 4,7 Cough of parental smokers, and respiratory symptoms in children, 103, 105 in schoolage smokers vs. nonsmokers, 62 Cytologic studies exfoliative, and lung cancer diagnosis, 47 Dust exposure in smokers vs. nonsmokers, by race and sex, 69,70 and smoking as risk factors in byssinosis development, among mill workers, 68 Emphysema autopsy studies, in smokers vs. non- smokers, 14-16 summary of previous findings, 5, 7,61,62 Epidemiological studies cerebrovascular disease and smoking, 29, 30 CHD and smoking, 14, 15 lung cancer and smoking, 44 Epinephrine levels effects of nicotine, 29 Epithelium bronchial, and premalignancy in smokers, 44 Exercise performance effects of CO exposure and increased carboxyhemoglobin levels, 95, 97 Ex-smokers decrease in risk of developing lung cancer, 43 effects of cessation on body weight, blood pressure, and hypertension, develop ment, 16-19 effects of cessation on closing volume abnormalities, 71 114 effects of cessation on pathologic changes, 74 summary of previous findings on health consequences of cessation, 6 summary of previous findings on relationship to COPD, 61 Eye irritation effects of exposure to cigarette smoke, in passive smokers, 99, 100 Fibrosis autopsy studies. in smokers vs. non- smokers, 74-76 Forced explratory volume decline in smokers, by race, 72 Framingham Study effect of coffee drinking on mortality in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 20 Fume exposure in smokers vs. nonsmokers, by race and sex, 69.70 Genetics role of antitrypsin deficiency and smoking in COPD development, 12-14 Genitourinary cancer smoking as risk factor, 50 Histological studies lung cancer and smoking, 4446 Humidity and pathologic effects of exposure to cigarette smoke, 99 Hypertension effects of smoking, 15-19 summary of recent findings, 33 Infants maternal smoking, and development of bronchitis and pneumonia, 103 Inhalation patterns summary of previous findings, 4 Immune system suppression of immunoglobulin response, by nicotine or water-soluble fraction of cigarettes, 77 Intermittent claudication decrease in exercise time after exposure to CO, 28 effects of coffee drinking and cigarette smoking, 20 Involuntary smoking see Passive smoking Laryngeal cancer incidence of second primary, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, SO Leukocytes effects of cigarette smoke, in guinea pigs, 77,78 Lung cancer decreased risk of, in ex-smokers, 43 and development of chronic bronchitis, 49 effects of air pollution and smoking, 44, 47 effects of asbestos exposure and smoking, 49 epidemiological studies, 44 histological types, in smokers vs. non- smokers, 4446 Increase in mortality of, in female smokers, 41 summary of previous findings, 3, S-8 summary of recent findings, 43 Mainstream smoke see Smoke streams Migration inhibition factor effects of alveolar macrophages, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 76,77 Morbidity from respiratory symptoms, 62,63 Mortality from cerebrovascular disease by age, sex, and smoking habit, 3 1 from CHD, 14 from lung cancer, of female smokers, 47 from myocardial infarction, 14 summary of previous findings, 3-8, 13 Myocardial infarction damage to rabbits after exposure to carbon monoxide, 29 effects of coffee drinking and cigarette smoking, 19.20 mortality, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 14 summary of previous findings, 4, 13 in Swedish women, smokers vs. non- smokers. 14 Nasopharyngeal cancer in smokers vs. nonsmokers, in Taiwan, SO Nicotine effects on epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, 29 excretion, by passive smokers, 97 levels, effects of room sire, amount of tobacco burned, and ventilation, 91-94, 91 suppression of immunoglobulin response, in cell cultures, 71 N-Nitrosamines N'-nitrosonornicotine, in tobacco, 48, 49 N-Nitrosoheptamethyleneimine incidence of lung neoplasms, in rats, 49 Norepinephrine effects of nicotine, 29 Occupational diseases byssinosis in cotton mill workers, 68 COPD, in firemen, 68 effects of asbestos exposure and smoking on lung cancer development, 49 lung cancer, in uranium miners, 47 and risk of cancer, 43 smoking and, 68-70 Occupational hazards carboxyhemoglobin levels in workers exposed to exhaust gases, 2 1 115 exposure to chemicals, fumes, sprays, and dusts, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, by race and sex, 69,70 higher reporting of exposure to, by smokers vs. nonsmokers, 68 Oral cancer incidence of second primary, in smokers vs. nonsmokers. SO Parents cough and phlegm production, and respiratory symptoms in children, 103 incidence of pneumonia and bronchitis in children of smokers, 105,106 prevalence of respiratory symptoms in children of smokers, 102, 103 Particulate matter pollution levels in four U.S. locations, 65, 66 Passive smoking CO, nicotine, benzo(a)pyrene, acrolein, and acetaldehyde levels, 90-95 effects on bus and plane passengers, 102 effects of carboxyhemoglobin levels, in persons with angina pectoris, 95,97 effects of carboxyhemoglobin levels on CO absorption, 95,96 effects of CO in tobacco smoke on psychomotor performance, 99-101 effects of tobacco smoke constituents, 88-98 excretion of nicotine, 97 exposure to cigarette smoke, and development of eye and throat inita- tions, 99,100 incidence of pneumonia and bronchitis in children of parental smokers, 105, 106 maternal smoking, and development of bronchitis and pneumonia in infants, 103,104 parental cough and phlegm production, and respiratory symptoms in children, 103 pathological studies, 99 prevalence of respiratory symptoms in children of smokers, 102,103 summary of previous findings, 87,88 summary of recent findings, 107,108 Pathological studies effects of exposure to cigarette smoke, in passive smokers, 99 Pathophysiological studies alveolar macrophages and smoking, 76,77 effects of cigarette smoke on leukocytes, in guinea pigs, 77,78 effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary macrophages, in guinea pigs, 77,78 effects of smoking on tracheal mucous velocity, in dogs, 78 suppression of immunoglobulin response by nicotine or water-soluble fraction of cigarettes, 71 Pharyngeal cancer incidence of second primary, in smokers vs. nonsmokers. SO Phenotypes partially deficient heterozygote, in COPD etiology, 73,74 Phlegm production by parental smokers, and development of respiratory symptoms in children, 103 production by parental smokers, and incidence of pneumonia and bronchitis in children, 105,106 Pinocytosis decrease in alveolar macrophages, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 76 Pipe smoking autopsy studies, in smokers with emphy- sema, fibrosis, or thickening of arterioles or arteries, 75 summary of previous findings on effects, 4,13 relationship to cancer, 43,44 Pneumonia incidence in children of smokers, 105,106 maternal smoking, and development in infants, 103 in passive smokers, summary of recent findings, 108 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons tumor initiators in tobacco, 48 Pregnancy carboxyhemoglobin levels in fetuses, 26, 27 maternal smoking, and development of bronchitis and pneumonia in infants, 103,104 summary of previous findings, $6 Psychomotor performance effects of CO in tobacco smoke, 99-101 in passive smokers, summary of recent findiigs, 108 Public transportation effects of passive smoking on bus and plane passengers, 102 Pulmonary function abnormalities, during viral illness, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 63 closing volume abnormalities as indicator of small airways diaaaaa, 71,72 decline in forced expiratory volume, in smokers by race, 72 prevalence of deficient heteroeygote phenotypes, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 74 small airways disease, smoking and, 71,72 summary of recent findings, 78 Pulmonary macrophages effects of cigarette smoke, in guinea pigs, 77,78 summary of recent findings, 78 Pulmonary symptoms effects of air poUution exposure levels on telephone workers, 67 Respiratory symptoms see also Cough, Phlegm 116 in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 62,63 summary of previous findings, 5 summary of previous ftndmgs on relationship to passive smoking, 88 summary of recent findings, 78 Sidestream smoke see Smoke streams Smoke streams Co levels in mainstream cigar smoke, 90 constituents of tobacco smoke, 88-98 summary of previous findings, 87, 88 Smoke, cigarette carcinogenic content of, 48 and decrease in pulmonary macrophages. in guinea pigs, 77.78 effects on tracheobronchial clearance, in donkeys, 78 suppression of immunoglobulin response, in cell cultures, 77 Smoke, tobacco effects of constituents on passive smokers, 88-98 summary of recent findings, 108 summary of previous fmdings on relationship to passive smoking, 87, 88 Smoking, maternal during pregnancy, and development of bronchitis and pneumonia in infants, 103,104 Sudden death reduction of risk of, in cigarette smokers, using clotibrate, 32 Sulfur dioxide pollution levels in four U.S. locations, 65, 66 Tars, cigarette summary of previous findings on effects on smokers, 5 Throat irritation effects of exposure to cigarette smoke, in passive smokers, 99 Thrombogenesis effects of smoking, 32 Tracheal mucous velocity effects of smoking, in dogs, 78 Tracheobronchial clearance effects of cigarette smoke, in donkeys, 78 Tumorigenic activity in experimental animals, 48 of polynuclear hydrocarbons and tumor accelerators, 48 Twins air pollution exposure levels and respira- tory symptoms, 67 mortality from CHD. in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 14.15 Ventilation effects on constituents of tobacco smoke, 90-9s Ventricular premature beats effect of cigarette smoking, 20 Water soluble fraction of cigarettes, suppression of immunoglobulin response, 77 Women autopsy studies, in smokers vs. non- smokers with emphysema, fibrosis, or thickening of arterioles or arteries, 75 exposure to chemicals, fumes, sprays, and dusts, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 69, 70 incidence of lung cancer in, 43 increase in mortality from lung cancer. 47 myocardial infarction, in Swedish smokers vs. nonsmokers, 14 summary of previous findings on effects of smoking, S-7 117