Prcpomtd Budget
    January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1960

Technical Assistantrr

Training( rtipaads

Senior poetdoctoral fellow (1)
;*Partdoctoral fellow (1)
*@Jredoctoral fellows (2)
Teaching assistant (1)

$ 7,500
4,000
5,000
+i3ee J, go
-

Permanent equipment

Warburg manometer3 fraction collectart refrigerated
centrifuge; counter and acalsrt colorimaters, other

$26,000

Consumable suppliarr

Gla68wars, cbemicalrr, radioactive tracers, animal8    $ 8,200

900

Other expenrrar

Tuition and fear of predoctoral trainaew
Office auppliear telephone, hourly help, booke and

journalrr, publkatio~ coats (train&s) -

SUBTOTAL

lidirect cart8
isly, overhead (excluding $26,000 for psrmanent
         equipment)

TOTAL


I. Propared Program

A, Purport: We are v organidng within the Biology

Department at M.!, T. -a teaching program in Microbiology aimed at

fulfilling what we think will ba rpecial needs of micrabiologirtr in the

n7,"            &d---J
next decade.  We wish to -teaching and rslrearch training around

the concepts of cellular phyriology and molecular organlsatinn of the cell.

Assuming that the tark of biology m a science ir to explain the organisa-

tion of living msdter at all lsoala (malseular, cellular, organiemic,

was propolre to develop the structural and functional approach

emphasf sing simplicity and unity of pattern rather than complexity and
g-j:-&r,;rr `.";-,
diverrity,

We plan to introduce the student firrt, in a generalized way,

to the pmperties and functianr of living matter - comporititm, energetics,

nutrition, growth, regulation, reproduction, snd variation - and then to

         wG"O      *-`%f the problem of main-
prsrent grarrpir o~organbms aa m-cekclmts
                           fl-

tezmnce of biological organiration under arpecific evolutionary eireunulances,

TM# approach is lruitabla for the training of microbiologirrts

who plan to uddr microorganilrmr for the aalutiou of basic biological


1

/
r
1                            J%wd
t         problemcl, Z't ir alro capwAlly ruitable for introducing t? biology

t
t
I


I

I
      purpo11e11, both true microorganirmrr and animal or plant cells handled
I

/
/        a# microorganirms.  The recent work of Eagle, Puck, and others har

      provided tool6 for utilidng thiu newer arpect of microbiology~ yet,

      mctaaoan cell microbiology has saldem been made an integral part of

    the teaching of microbiology in the way we plan to use `) becaura of

      traditional reparation of interest/ and because libamicrobiology har

      reldom been utilicad as one of the main arcar for training biologists.


              We expect that joinin  he study ef true microbe8 and of mctallroan
     L3d-42d& ucjc)
                                 -
      csltr -0 a common teaching progr    11 do justice to the

      heuristic value of microbial rtudias in biology and will also dispose of

       optimirrtic ovsr~simplifieationr.  Feedbacks between the rtudy of microbes
      +J*
     ana of irolatcd cells from T&C multip$allular orgadsmr should be mutual


       mad equally beneficial,


              Experience in some dapartmentrr has shown that atudcnts

      trained a8 microbiologirts by a program centering on molecular biology


and cellular physiology caa later marter/Spplied areas of microbiolagy

without / need for extenrivc formal training in those areas.

The proposed program requires a great deal of emphasis
             aA

and preparation in bask science. ha. I. T. should provide e

favorable cnvironmcnt, Coupled with strong programs in molecular
biology, ensymolegy, genetics, and biophysics, this teaching of micro-

biology should provide a group of trainees equipped to teach cellular biology

as well as microbiology and to apply the methods of cellular biology to

the study of probhms such as canccl~, cellular imrmnity, and virue we*

search.

B. Training Plan:  Training in microbiology at M. I. T. is just

beginning so that we start with a clean alate.  We plan to establish

as basic courses:

,

(1) Microbiology (prcreqdritc: General Biochemistry) covering

the composition, energetics, nutrition, growth, variation, and cellular

organiaation of microbial eslls, especially bacteria.

(2) Experimental Microbiology:  A laboratory course on the

manipulations and measurement 13: proper to microbiology: including


irolation, Cultivation, analysis and functional studies on bacteria, other

microbes, amI mammalian cells in vitro.

(3) Microbial Physiology :  The artudy of cellular functions,
                    ? q a
            pQ/qpm&?--Jb * 45 `s-1 7

especially growth, biosynthesis, metabolism, Arcgulatiod. and sexuality

aa rsvealsd in microorganisms and other cells studied as microorganisms,
    )y.&#&@4&dMoe

Courses (1) and (2) will. be open to advanced undergraduatast

the other courses, as well aa seminars and research courses, will be

for graduate students only.

The teaching of thcse coumscs will be done

consisting of three senior professors, plus one or two junior lstaff mcmbcrs.

There ir being established a Committee on

Microbiolagy, consisting of the microbiology teaching staff plus other
      ,dhq
members of     7
         epartment, including at least one member from bio-

physics and one from biochemistry.  This Committee will organiec and

supervise the program of the trainees.


WC propose to provide traintng at the predaetoral and

postdoctoral le~elr. The Qrcdoctaral traineeo, graduate students with

presumably various backgrounds, will receive training in mathematicss,

physics, chemistry, genetics, cytology.Aand biophysics, fn addition to

mia robiolagy,  Enpharirr will be more on thorough training than on speed

of obtaining a degree.  Postdoctoral trainees will be encouraged to ccllzle

nti only fs?om microbiology an4 biology, but also fr         chemilrtry,
we~fbP-
      to include among the postdoctoral trnfnecs several medical
                     9

cur & basic microbiology applied to

Since biophysics, bfochemistry, cytochemicrtry and mole -

alar biology are all located In the same Department, and sfnce the

teaching of microbiology is being undertaken as part of the Dc~artment~g

integrded program, our traineee will have the benefit of a first-cabs:

setup in basic science applied to biology.  They wilt have intimate associa-

tion, advice, and supertision from leading experts in various fislds, for

ezampls, Prafersors Buchanan, Hall, S.,evinthal, Rich, Schmitt, and

Sizer, In fact, we hope that our trained microbiolo@sta will be equally

at home in all aupectr of molecular biology,


Uur trainees will take part in the tcacbing program* WC

txpcct all predoctoral trainees to spend wmnt time ae teaching assisbnts~

while the postdoctoral trainees will cooperata in the tmpervision af graa

duatc students and in advanced teaching programsr

In the first ycap, WC should probably ha-m only two pestdoctaral

and thrct prcdoctoral trainees supported by the training grant*  Other

graduate rtudcnts and postdoctoral felkms wilI bc supported ac teaching

assistants, research assistantc, or remarch associatcrr In following

year@. wc plan to expand this training program to support additianal

trainccdr  The sum rcq,ucrtcd sptciffcally for trainee atipcnda in the

following years will be $30,000 (not intluding tuition).

II, Staff and Facilities

A. Staff

I, S. E, Luria, Professor of Microbiology

2, B, Magasanik, Profeaser of MicrobiaIo~T~tarting I/1/60&

3, Aamciate Professor of h4icrobiology (to bc appointcdfce

starting July 1, 1960,

4. Instructor (to be appointedJ# crtarting January 1, 1960,