February 9, 1965 1926, FLS NOTES ON TRIP !CO THE PARACSJAYAN CHACO. Trip to Mision Xnglesa, Paraguayan Chaco, beginning Ma@, 1926. Passage on the V. Esga FLS$360 (Speritti $360) Dr. Rickard paid -__J_ 20 pesos; Dr. Ynsfran paid boat and baggage charges. Leave Amnoio$ about 7 pame Hay 5, Rcmario at 2 p.m. Speratti gives name of mulrical ins-t seen in route to Caacupe last ye6r as nQuWu.* (This instxmment consisted of a bow with a single string (wire) divided into two segments approximtely &/3 and Z/3 of the string by a second string tied back to.ths bow. The bow was mounted with the middle of its co.u~ex part to the center of the convex sui?face of half a large goqrd. The in6tm66ntu66 pwsd by striking on the two c&wds of the bow with a smal$ stick as the half g&&d was moved in and out from the abdomen of the player to give different resonance levels.) rrca~r 6, arrive at conception at 2 pmm. Mr. Butcher and Mr. Farreir-: send Speratti and Felipe to Santd Rita. At the hotel I find Robert Stewart with a generws dispoaition and a nice collection of peaches. Don Roberto,as he is popularly called, iswell-known in this part of the world, being one of the men who came down to Paraguay many years ago with Tex Rickard. Don Roberto neverwsntba&. S&. Peluffo pros&se6 to get horses for the trip. Food purchased atAntonielli*s fromJose Turbine. Msy 7, men st8rt out at 4:30 a,m, to Puerto Haro~66. Heavy rain. We go at8 UIIIP~ to Chaco-I'andthen on foottoMaroma. From Harms to Loma Porduhere Mr. Potts feeds us and sends to Bennedy for horses which arrive about 5 p.m. We casq the first night in the open near Cor+tP. m w 8, arrive at Maroma at 1 pop. and ars well fed by Mr. Green and remain until 5 p.m. and leave in the rain, arririq 2 at Esquina ah 11 porn* in downpour of rain. Find tm, carts four soldier8 and a fire at Esquina, May 9, leave Esquina at 9:15 asme and arrive in station at 6 p.m. Sunday. (me StatiOR is Hakthlauayia). May 10, during sick visits see a case of purpura with an infected thumb. The Lengua language is said to be very limited and with no abstract ideas. Sound8 much SiBkpler and more talkable than does the ,@uarani, probably became of the presence of the2 sound in the tigua language. This make8 il sound sOmewhat Iike English. May 11, purpura case better. Visit to the school. Cl.666 of little girls with mulit- placation table - the teacher says the girls learn the table eaeily but find it difficult to ever apply. Reading cl.668 of boys and gir3l up to 15 yeare. Reading the parable of the sower in Spanish and translating to h!w. Recitation in very low tone of voice - all students, boys and girls, without covering of the body above the waist. Some of the names found in the roll book, ettiyangw6,ia - M&&a. Yinse-awa, tingwaikakthla, wakingwaia, kilhathtakpanguaia, languaia, tathne6chama, abak, hathlinm~, ettakhenywaia, elantibwaia, elyaskyia, yakhobiquaia, elthinraikmoho, kayatkuk-yakye, sangaskuk, paiwa, selpithtelomo, tomhang, pailq, wimk, and kyllaiam. The fees for the acharl are ldollar (mission meney)per plonth by the family. gentine money). (One mission dellar equal8 84 Ar- Sunday 6Cho4316 and individuals pay I.30 Argentine peses a year to support a child. The children get the equivalent of rural primary schoal education. They also get one meal a day at the achoO1. The hair of the inhabitants of Makthlawayia ha6 a definite reddish or brolue cast when seen by sunlight. A school building is a long building with sUding or folding do&e dividing it into three rooms. The floor is of clay with palm and thatahed roof. The walls are of eour6e from ever-present palm tree wood. The school building is also u66d a8 a gymnasium three time a week. !Chere is a considerable veranda on each side in kkrping with the sstposare to sunlight and the rainstsrms of the 3 area. There is a dining roOm and kitchen in the reab with a large iron pot for preparing meat, 6oup and locro. The children each have pan and spoon which he recognises instinctively as his, $lSt as the wild cormorants do their offqring. The children squat on the fbor and eat in a regular A8 somewhat noisy manner. An old gray- haired law, naked to the waist, acts as chief cook and bottle washer. Today we installed a table in the hospital tobeginworkt~morrow. I list6d sertain data I hope to get from the civil records, such as population, bwhs, death6 by year, movement of population by emigration into and out of the village, the age a&d death when known, the sex, cause of death, etc. I was told thi6 information would be very difficult to get because of considerable shifting of population.?rbfarP timetotime and evenmOre sobecause of thelenguare- fu6alto speakof thedead. Once a person die8 his name is no longer mentioned and any reference to the individual is quite indirect. Even more COILfhS~ i8 the 6yStm of changingnames from time to time in accord with events in the life of the individual. A wom6nbs n6me may very well chang6 after the birth of a child, at timeg, in accord with the name given the &hfld. The custom is to name the child for some event associated with his birth. For example, a child might be named He Who Was Born During theHeavyRaiqandthemoth6r thenmightb6coaeknownas the Mether of the Child Who was Born During the Heavy Rain. I did learn that in km. 1925, a census had shown 203 Indians in the village Attended the dedication of the cemetary at Makthlawayia today with preaching by a native preacher. WednesaCry, Way 12, first group treated today to determine the hookworm burden and the sp6ciea distribution of this burden. The following are the notes prepared for a&explanation to the people regarding the present treatments for hook- worm disease. Mosquitoes and flies as well as lice outside the body. Worms inside the body - worm8 in horses. Paraguayan soldiers over 500 worm6 per person before treatment. kmns live on blood - pale,- swollen face8 - yellow f66es 4 instead of red - p&t bellies - many children unable to Pies- menandwomenunapls to work. %x&worm kills few people but undermine8 strength so that other diseases kill - especially true for respiratory diseases and coughs. Experience in the American Army - exglains why some sick people recover and others do not. We have come to treat people,to cure them and make them strong. Medicine is for good of the people - not for our good. Why are White people here less sickly than Indians? Our schedule; 6 in each group - treatment on empw $tOaraCh, save all bowel movements for two days - each person treated tillgetto dee his owz~wo~s and to help count them. We are here to prove that the population here does have hookworm and doe8 need treatment. lJO,OOO were treated in Paraguay last year. May 13, Thursday, Bishop Avery leaves with Morgan. IWamination of school children on Tuesday, Revealed no goiter and no trachoma - marked anemia with facies characteristic of hookworm diseases was found in several, probablythemajorityofthe children. Square, puffy faces marked. Scabies in two or three of the thirty-three children emnined. Learn that work was begun in the Chaco by the English Hission in l.889. The first leader b&&g a man by the name of Grnbb. Thework extended toMaroma in 1892, and to the neighborhood of Makthlawayia in 1895. Makthlaua~a itself dates from 1908. Friday, May U, a banner is raised th&s morning by the vilbge in front of the school after a apeaCh by Mr. Logan (the B~a.~ded one) in 8ChoOl to 75: Indians. Twelve boys were treated with 2/10 of a gram per year of age of the mixture of carbon tetrachloride and ch&nopodium. Six men were treated with three cubic centemeMra of oil of chenopodium. prayer meeting at Logan's home. - I have developed a severe cold in thehead. Ningki-k;;= I am going. We have some sunlight today for the first time since arrival. my 15, Saturday, worm. counts all day. purchased two belts for 60 pesos each. Sunday Ray, 16, worm counts continued. English church - 50 pesos contribution. Hot bath for a change. . Monday, May 17, kreated 24 iolhildren, 8.2 CC. mescb per 3-m. Six men with 3 cc. of cheuopodium. The ImguaIndians are themostcommonbere, but there are also Tothlis, Suhin, and Saps in the area. The Mission ha8 two leagues ef land at Makthlawayia and 8 leagues more at outmg points. Ride with Ruddle to the camp of the Indian8 doing paddock aud f&wing work for the handling of cattle aud horses. Palm shoots are e&t&b&e at any age - it kills the palIn to take the shoot. Anqdeline larvae found in the edge of the swamp. -The swamp has three dams and the fourth is in preparation. 'fiWday,Wyl8,worm counts alldayuiti some photographs taken. The first 18 men gave a total of I;lrjC@ hodkwmms or an average of 72 worms per mau. The highest infeatation proved to be 299 worms in Guide. 17 boys had 578 hookworms or 34 worm8 each. The high boy WBU Kimtiith with 92. 19 girls had 574 hookworms, or 30 worms each, with a high for Ynaeawa, with 86 worms. Specimen of$ This is the f es seen today by Mr. Pride. e seen in-i period of 15 years in and 6 about Makthlawayia. Two Indians from Nanawa, a western m&ssion station, were treated today. (Gibbons arrived from Ianawa today.) An analysis of the situation loday shouns hookworms collected 2,455, 1,@2,male ancylostomes, 1,245 female ancyloatomes, 68 male necators, and 110 female necators, thus only 7.25% of the worms are necators, Thursday, May 20, Morgan rebrned last evening from ConcepcioG. Reports that Robert Stewart is still there. The carts leave with our baggage for the river today. Threemoremen: fromNanawa treated today. Begin eating at the hotel. Friday, May 21, 31men, women, and children appear for volunteer treatment today including the old witch doctor fromNanawa. Satuakiay, May 22, about 20 more appear for voluntary t4matment. Delivered to J. E. Ruddle who is acting as unlicensed medical officer of the mission, specimens of trichiuris ascaris and tapeworm. As well as a supply of tin containers and a supply of 1000 eaeh of capsuled sires OCXIl and 2. The following words possibly 8hould be added t0 the inter- national vocabulary - @ahaS - I may know, but who is going to tell you, or the discussion is ended, or lets not talk about it any more - thleebukky = it is nothing to me, it $4 your affair, itis not my trouble, you are doing it, etc. It seems there is no Lengua word for thank you nor for good by. Satuqjay, Hay 22, walk to Tiger Island tith Morgan. Paraguayan Lieutenant and wife arrive at noon. Sunday, May 23, a hot, sticky day. All quiet in Makthlawaia. Monday, May 24, leave Makthlawaia at 8 a.m. with Farrow, Morgan, Harlan, and Speratti. Lunch at Nasons Wells and T. EStpina, Sleep at Corralon - threatened *ain drives others under cover.