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In this grant application Heidelberger highlights the importance of the refrigerated centrifuge to the daily work of a microbiological laboratory. Heidelberger first proposed a design for a centrifuge with an insulated brine coil around it for cooling when he was working to produce large quantities of purified oxyhemoglobin at Rockefeller Institute in the early 1920s, a process during which the surrounding temperature had to be carefully controlled.