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On the orders of Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano, Jr., the Recombinant DNA Research Advisory Committee (RAC) was expanded to include several non-scientists including Fredrickson's successor as chairman of RAC, Ray Thornton. Several scientists, among them Paul Berg, the organizer of the Asilomar conference in 1975, protested against this restructuring of RAC, fearing that laymen would not understand the complex scientific issues arising from recombinant DNA research.