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This issue of Current Biography argues Nirenberg's research on the genetic code "opened up the gates for other scientists to vast areas of knowledge about the processes of all life on earth, its origins, evolution and future." Promised benefits include disease eradication, slowing down the aging process, correction of genetic defects, and changing heredity. A warning of possible abuse is also included. Nirenberg is quoted for praising NIH support and is characteristically modest about his achievements.