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During the 1950s Crick made crucial contributions not only to the study of DNA and the genetic code, but to X-ray structure analysis of important biological molecules. In this paper, Crick and Alexander Rich, a visiting physical chemist in the Cavendish laboratory who had studied the structure of RNA with James Watson at the California Institute of Technology, applied X-ray diffraction theory to deduce the three-dimensional structure of polyglycene II, a synthetic polymer consisting of an array of polypeptide chains made up solely of the amino acid glycene.